• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a spectrometer (1) for examining the constituents of a fluid (2), comprising a housing (3) with a light source (4) arranged therein and at least one detector (5) arranged therein, wherein the light from the light source (4) a predetermined spectral range () through a transmission window (7) through the fluid to be examined (2) and through a receiving window (8) to the at least one detector (5) is guided. To create a most cost-effective and constructed with a small size spectrometer (1) is provided that the light source (4) by a plurality of control electronics (11) connected light emitting diodes (10) is formed, which light emitting diodes (10) for emitting light of different wavelength ranges (i) within the predetermined spectral range () are formed, wherein with respect to the light-emitting diodes (10) with the control electronics (11) connected compensation detector (12) is arranged.
    公开号:AT510631A1
    申请号:T17452010
    申请日:2010-10-20
    公开日:2012-05-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Scan Messtechnik Ges M B H；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    f i I »I 4 1 · > * • 4 I · ο I f I ·
    ··· · I * k I 1 * I »·» · t * | »* F - 1 -
    The invention relates to a spectrometer for examining the ingredients of a fluid having a housing with a light source arranged therein and at least one detector disposed therein, the light of the light source having a predetermined spectral range through a transmission window through the fluid to be examined and through a reception window the at least one detector is guided.
    Spectrometry exploits the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules of the medium to be investigated in order to characterize it. For liquid media, spectrometry is used in particular to determine concentrations of substances dissolved or suspended in solvents. In the measurement of the absorption spectrum of liquid media, the so-called UV / VIS spectroscopy is currently often used, in which electromagnetic waves in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (visible VIS) are used. But other wavelength ranges are used. The molecules of the medium to be examined are irradiated by the electromagnetic waves of the light. Each atom and molecule has certain discrete energy levels that can be occupied by the atom or molecule in different excited states. The differences between these levels correspond to excitation energies. If a photon hits the atom or molecule that can provide such energy, the photon can be absorbed and the atom or molecule changes into an excited state. In this way substances absorb the photons of very specific energies. Due to the interaction of the atoms or molecules of the medium under investigation, the excitation energies are smeared and shifted to longer wavelengths and a broader spectrum of photon energies can lead to excitation and thus: be absorbed. Which photon energy is absorbed and how strong is characteristic of each molecule, thus representing: something like a fingerprint of the molecule through which it can be identified.
    In the simplest case, a spectrometer consists of a light source, the measuring section in which the fluid to be examined is located, and a detector for receiving the light passing through the medium. This is a m *
    : i • < * »* - 2 - so-called single-beam spectrometer. With a two-beam spectrometer, a reference beam is routed parallel to the measuring section for reference purposes.
    Known spectrometers for examining various ingredients of a fluid usually use a flashlamp as a light source, which covers a relatively broad spectral range. The disadvantage here is the required relatively complex electronics for supplying the flash lamp with electrical energy and the necessary control device. As a result, the spectrometers are relatively complex and large and thus relatively expensive to purchase. The same applies to deuterium lamps as a light source.
    For example, AT 408 488 B describes a conventional spectrometer with a flashlamp as a light source, which is designed for immersion in a fluid to be examined.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a spectrometer mentioned above, which can be constructed as inexpensively and as small as possible and makes use in many areas possible. Disadvantages of known spectrometers should be avoided or at least reduced.
    The object of the invention is achieved by an abovementioned spectrometer, the light source being formed by a plurality of light-emitting diodes connected to control electronics, which light-emitting diodes are designed to emit light of different wavelength ranges within the predetermined spectral range, with respect to the light-emitting diodes. the Steuerelekrron.i k connected compensation detector is arranged. By using light emitting diodes or laser diodes instead of conventional Blitz'.ampen or deuterium lamps, the complex Hochspannungsversorgunq can be omitted, whereby the electronics of the spectrometer can be kergesteilt much smaller and cheaper. The smaller overall size resulting from the prior art is particularly in spectrometer probes that are placed in the fluid under study and the ingredients "in situ". be measured, of particular Vorreil. Because of the rapid development in the field of 3
    Light-emitting diodes, which are available in very different wavelength ranges at very low costs, result in a particularly inexpensive spectrometer. This in turn makes it possible to use spectrometers in areas where this was hitherto unthinkable due to the high cost. For example, a spectrometer could be used to study certain ingredients in drinking water, even in the home. The arranged opposite the light emitting diode compensation detector, which is preferably formed by a compensation diode, is used to compensate for aging-related changes in the light output of the LEDs and their Temperarurempfindlichkeit. Since a plurality of light-emitting diodes, preferably arranged in a plane next to each other as the light source, the at least one compensation detector can be arranged in a simple manner with respect to the LEDs, without this obstructing a beam path of the light of a light emitting diode. The wavelength ranges of the light-emitting diodes and the associated detectors are adapted accordingly to the constituents of the fluid to be examined. By way of the Beer-Lambert law, which describes the relationship between the reduction of the original light intensity and the concentration of the absorbing substance, the concentration of the substance can be determined from the light intensity measured at the detector, knowing the original light intensity.
    Around. To increase the selectivity, filter elements for filtering the light in the respective wavelength ranges of the light emitting diodes may be disordered in front of the light emitting diodes. Bandpass filters of this type may be formed in the form of transparent panes which are arranged in front of the light-emitting diodes, or else substances which are directly applied to the light-emitting diodes may be applied, for example vapor-deposited.
    If a plurality of detectors for receiving the light of the light sources with different wavelengths are provided: a plurality of light sources in different wavelength ranges can be controlled simultaneously and the measurement of different light-emitting diodes can be carried out simultaneously. The detectors are preferably arranged side by side in a plane and may be formed by photodiodes or charge-coupled semiconductor devices 4 (CCD - Charge-Coupled Devices).
    Alternatively, only one detector may be provided for receiving the light in the entire predetermined spectral range and the control electronics of the spectrometer may be designed for the sequential or location-dependent activation of the light-emitting diodes. In this case, the light sources are switched on, for example in succession in the time division multiplex and measured the intensity of the light after passing through the fluid to be measured at the detector. Due to the temporal synchronization, an assignment of the respective detected signal to the respective light source and thus to the corresponding wavelength range is possible. In addition to time-division multiplexing (TDMA), space multiplex (SDMA) or other multiplexing techniques (e.g., frequency division multiplexed FDMA, code division multiple access CDMA) are also possible.
    In order to bundle the light rays of all light-emitting diodes through the smallest possible window in the spectrometer, at least one optical system for bundling the light beams is arranged in front of the light-emitting diodes. This converging lens thus bundles all the light rays and guides them substantially parallel to one another through the fluid to be measured.
    For correction of lens aberrations of the optics, it is advantageous if LEDs are arranged tilted. In this case, preferably the externally arranged light-emitting diodes are arranged tilted, so that all the light rays of all light emitting diodes pass centrally through the optics and not on the wall side, where lens flaws can occur.
    According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that those light-emitting diode (s) having the lowest radiant power of the emitted light are essentially centrally arranged and are the luminaire. are arranged with higher radiation power of the emitted LichLs to this at least one light emitting diode. The fact that the light emitting diodes with the lowest radiation power, which are übichicherweise the LEDs for emitting light in the ultraviolet wavelength range, are arranged in the center, the properties of the spectrometer can be further improved. - 5 - - 5 -
    • # · · 9% «» * •
    For the conversion of the light into parallel rays and at most for the suppression of extraneous light and for controlling the angle of incidence of the light on the detector or detectors is arranged in front of the at least one detector, preferably a diaphragm in the form of a collimator.
    In this case, the diaphragm is preferably formed by a plurality of wall elements arranged in the direction of the light beams, which wall elements are formed from a material which is opaque to the light of the light sources and free of reflection (for example rough, dark surface). By appropriate suitable choice of the height and the distances of the wall elements thus an optimal aperture can be formed to low Kesten, which suppresses the side-incident light extraneous light particularly efficient. Instead of latticed or honeycombed walls also simple holes can be made in a light-opaque material. This produces a diaphragm in the manner of a collimator.
    In order to detect the turbidity of the fluid to be examined between the transmission window and the reception window, a further detector or a further light-emitting diode can be arranged essentially transversely to the propagation direction of the light. Such another 900 detector thus serves to detect the laterally emitted light, whereby the turbidity of the fluid can be determined. Alternatively to the arrangement of a further detector 90p to the main detector, a light-emitting diode or a laser diode can be arranged transversely to the measuring device and the light emitted by this light-emitting diode can be detected by the normal detector and thus be deduced from the turbidity of the fluid. The latter variant has the advantage that an additional detector can be saved.
    In the case of multiple detectors, it is possible that they have different temperature and thus can scan the measured values from each other. To compensate for this, it is advantageous if several detectors and the compensator detector are thermally coupled to one another. As a result of this thermal coupling, it is achieved that all the interconnected drainage valves have substantially the same temperature. In the case of realization of the detectors by photodiodes, this thermal coupling of the cathodes can simultaneously provide the required bias voltage for the photodiodes.
    The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Show:
    Fig. 1 shows a basic structure of a spectrometer;
    2 shows a basic structure of an embodiment of the spectrometer according to the invention;
    3 shows a holder for the arrangement of a plurality of light-emitting diodes in plan view;
    4 shows a sectional view of the LED holder according to FIG. 3 along the section line IV-IV;
    5 shows a holder for the compensation detector arranged opposite the light-emitting diodes;
    FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a collimator which can be arranged in front of the detectors; FIG.
    FIG. 1 shows the collimator according to FIG. 6 in a sectional view along the section line Vir-VII; FIG.
    FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram for measuring the turbidity of the fluid to be examined; FIG.
    9 shows a schematic diagram for the thermal coupling of a plurality of detectors; and
    10 shows the arrangement of filer elements of the light-emitting diodes.
    1 shows the basic structure of a spectrometer 1, in particular of a spectrometric probe, which is subdivided into the one to be measured. f «» * 1 * 1 * ··· «* | C · ·· * ·« ·· «* * * ♦ > »- 7 - seeking fluid 2 is introduced or immersed. Within a housing 3, at least one light source 4 and at least one detector 5 are arranged. The light of the light source 4 is possibly directed via an optical system 6 through a transmitting window 7 in the fluid 2 to be examined and a receiving window 8 and a possible optics 9 to the detector 5. From the ratio of the intensity of the light received by the detector 5 and the intensity of the light emitted by the light source 4, Beer-Lambert's law can infer the concentration of certain ingredients in the fluid 2.
    Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a spectrometer 1 according to the invention, wherein the light source 4 is formed by a plurality of light emitting diodes 10, which emit light in certain wavelength ranges Αλί the light. By using light emitting diodes 10 instead of conventional flash lamps or deuterium lamps, the associated electronics and power supply can be much simpler and smaller and thus the spectrometer 1 can be easily miniaturized and manufactured inexpensively. The light emitting diodes 10 are preferably arranged in a corresponding holder 13, which is described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Opposite the LEDs 10, a compensation detector 12 is arranged, which is preferably formed by a compensation diode .ist. The compensation detector 12 is used to compensate for the aging of the LEDs 10 and their temperature sensitivity. Also, the compensation detector 12 is preferably arranged in a corresponding holder 14, which will be described with reference to FIG. 5. The light rays of the light-emitting diodes 10 pass through an optical system 6, possibly an aperture 15 and a bundle optical system 16 to the transmitting window 7 in the fluid to be examined 2. After passing through the fluid 2, the light rays pass through the receiving window 8 to the detector 5. If several detectors 5 are arranged to receive the respective We1lenlängenbereiche Λλ- the light-emitting diodes 10, the measurement can be carried out simultaneously. When only one detector 5 is arranged, the light-emitting diodes 10 are sequentially driven, for example in time-division multiplexing (TDMA), and the measurements of the different wavelength ranges Δλ. made one after the other. Instead of time-division multiplexing (TDMA), space division multiplex (SDMA) - frequency division multiplexing (FDMA) - or
    Code division (CDMA) method conceivable. The light-emitting diodes 10 are arranged substantially side by side in the holder 13, wherein preferably those light-emitting diodes 10 are arranged centrally with the lowest radiation power of the emitted light and the light-emitting diodes 10 are arranged outside with higher radiation power of the emitted light. To correct lens aberrations of the optics 6 and bundle optics 16, the outer LEDs 10 may be performed tilted in the holder 13. To measure the turbidity of the fluid 2 to be examined, a further detector 17 can also be arranged transversely to the propagation direction of the light between the transmission window 7 and the reception window 8 in the measuring area. This will be discussed in more detail in Fig. 8. The subject spectrometer 1 is characterized by a particularly simple and inexpensive construction and allows the investigation of relevant ingredients of a fluid 2 in those wavelength ranges Αλχ for the LEDs 10 or laser diodes are available.
    FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a holder 13 for the light-emitting diodes 10, comprising a row of openings 18 for the light-emitting diodes 10, which are matched to the size of the light-emitting diodes 10. As can be seen from the sectional view according to FIG. 4 along the section line IV-IV from FIG. 3, the openings 18 for the light-emitting diodes 10 are set back slightly so that 10 light channels emerge in front of the light emitting diodes, which result in a parallel alignment of the light of the light emitting diodes 10 cause .
    Fig. 5 shows the holder 13 for the light-emitting diodes 10 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 associated holder 14 for Kompensa1ions detector 12, wherein corresponding to the openings 18 in the holder 13 for the light-emitting diodes 10 openings 19 are arranged through the the light emitted by the light emitting diodes 10 can pass. In the center of the holder 14, a further opening 20 is placed, in which the compensation detector 12 is arranged.
    FIGS. 6 and 1 show an aperture 21 in the form of a collimator, as used for aligning the light beams and, at best, for suppressing extraneous light in front of the at least -9-
    a detector 5 can be used. The diaphragm 21 comprises a plurality of wall elements 22 arranged substantially in the direction of the light beams and made of a material which is opaque and non-reflecting for the light of the light-emitting diodes 10. Between the wall elements 22 channels 23 are formed through which the light to the detector 5 occurs. The wall elements 22 may be honeycomb-like or lattice-like or may be produced by producing the channels 23. This realization of a diaphragm 21 is relatively easy to produce and causes a correspondingly suitable choice of the length and the diameter of the channels 23 signal improvement.
    8 shows the principle of the turbidity measurement, wherein instead of a further detector 17 substantially at 90 ° to the light propagation direction according to FIG. 2, a light source 24 is arranged substantially at 90 ° to the propagation direction of the measurement beam.
    The light from the light source 24 enters the measurement range for the fluid 2 via an exit window 25 and is detected by the detector 5 as a function of the turbidity of the fluid 2. The advantage of this arrangement over the variant shown in FIG. 2 is that only one detector 5 or detector array is required.
    In the variant according to FIG. 2 with two detectors 5, 17, it is advantageous to thermally couple the detectors 5, 17 and possibly also the compensation detector 12, which can take place via a correspondingly good heat-conducting material 26, as sketched in FIG. 9 , This thermal coupling ensures that the detectors 5, 17 and the compensation detector 12 are essentially at the same temperature and thus no measurement errors due to temperature differences can occur.
    Finally, FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of the light source 4 of the subject spectrometer 1, comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes IC, in front of which filter elements 27 are arranged. The corresponding bandpass filters have a high transmission in the passband and a low transmission in the stopband outside the desired wavelength range Δλ. In this way, relatively broad-band light-emitting diodes 10 can be made narrower-banded, as a result of which they have better selectivity. The filter elements 27 are arranged between the luminous elements 10 and the compensation detector 12 and can also be arranged or vapor-deposited directly on the light-emitting diodes IC, if appropriate.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1 - 1 1 Patent claims: 1. Spectrometer (X) for examining the constituents of a fluid (2), comprising a housing ¢ 3) with a light source (4) arranged therein and at least one detector (5) arranged therein , wherein the light of the light source (4) with a predetermined spectral range (Δλ) through a transmission window (7) through the fluid to be examined (2) and through a receiving window (8) to the at least one detector (5), characterized in that the light source (4) is formed by a plurality of illumination diodes (10) connected to control electronics (11), which light emitting diodes (10) emit light of different wavelength ranges (Δλ;) within the predetermined spectral range (Αλ) are formed, wherein with respect to the Leuchldiöden (10) connected to the Steuerere] electronic (11) Kompensatdete kt.or (12) is arranged.
    [2]
    2. spectrometer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the light-emitting diodes (10) filter elements (27) for folding the light in the respective Wcllenlängenbereichen (.DELTA.λ |) of Leuchtd.i desert (10) are disordered.
    [3]
    3. spectrometer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of detectors (5) for receiving the light of the light emitting diodes (10) with the different Weilenlängenberei chon (Δλ) are provided.
    [4]
    4. spectrometer: (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a detector (5) for receiving the light in the entire predetermined Spokt.ralbereich (.DELTA.λ) is provided, and the S expensive eiektronik (11) for sequential control of the LEDs (1 0) ausqebl 1 det .ist.
    [5]
    5. spectrometer (1) according to claim I or 4, characterized in that in front of the light emitting diodes (10) at least one optical system (16) for bundling the light beams is disordered.
    [6]
    6. spectrometer (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that Leucht.diocen (10) for correcting Linsenfeh learning the optics (16) are arranged tilted. 12
    [7]
    7. spectrometer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that those light emitting diode (s) (10) with the lowest radiation power of the emitted light is arranged substantially centrally (are) and the light-emitting diodes (10) with higher radiation power of the emitted light are arranged around these at least one light-emitting diode (10).
    [8]
    8. spectrometer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in front of the at least one detector (5), a diaphragm (21) is arranged.
    [9]
    9. spectrometer (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the diaphragm (21) a plurality of arranged in the direction of the light rays wall elements (22) is formed, which wall elements (22) from one for the light of the light emitting diodes (10) opaque and non-reflective Material are formed.
    [10]
    10. spectrometer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for detecting the turbidity of the fluid (2) between the transmitting window (7) and the receiving window (8), a further detector (17) or a further light emitting diode ( 24) is arranged substantially transversely to the propagation direction of the light.
    [11]
    11. spectrometer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a plurality of detectors (5, 17) and the compen sationsdetektor (12) are thermally coupled together.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT17452010A|AT510631B1|2010-10-20|2010-10-20|SPECTROMETER|AT17452010A| AT510631B1|2010-10-20|2010-10-20|SPECTROMETER|
    PCT/AT2011/000434| WO2012051638A1|2010-10-20|2011-10-20|Spectrometer|
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